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AB工藝是吸附-生物降解工藝的簡稱，是在常規活性污泥法和兩段活性污泥法基礎上發展起來的一種新型的污水處理技術。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><strong><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"> 1</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">、在中國歷史</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">AB<span style="font-size: 14px;">法工藝在我國的研究和應用大致經歷了以下三個階段：</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">第1階段：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">上世紀</span>70<span style="font-size: 14px;">年代末至</span>80<span style="font-size: 14px;">年代初期，我國許多專家學者對</span>AB <span style="font-size: 14px;">工藝的特性、運行機理及處理過程和穩定性等方面，進行了深入全面和系統的研究，對“</span>AB<span style="font-size: 14px;">法”工藝在我國的應用和推廣起到了積極作用。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">第2階段：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">上世紀70年代末至80年代，我國許多大專院校紛紛開設專題研究課程，尤其是設計研究部門也對AB法處理城市污水、工業廢水進行規?；膶嶒炑芯?，為AB法的工程設計和工程應用取得了大量的數據和實踐經驗，為其在我國的工程應用起到了十分關鍵的作用。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">第3階段：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">自上世紀80年代起，國內逐步開始將“AB法”應用到城市污水處理和工業廢水處理工程中，已建成相當數量的AB法工藝的城市污水處理廠，成效顯著，取得了十分可觀的社會效益和環境效益。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">AB法與傳統的活性污泥法相比，在處理效率、運行穩定性、工程投資和運行費用等方面均有明顯的優點。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">總體而言，AB法工藝適合于污水濃度高、具有污泥消化等后續處理設施的大中規模的城市污水處理廠，有明顯的節能效果。對于有脫氮要求的城市污水處理廠，一般不宜采用。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">2、工作機理</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">1：開放式系統原理</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">AB工藝中不設初沉池，從而使污水中的微生物在A段得到充分利用，并連續不斷的更新，使A段形成一個開放性的、不斷由原污水中生物補充的生物動態系統。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">2：微生物的生物相及其特性</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">A段內微生物活性強、世代期短、具有很強的吸附能力。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">當A段以兼氧的方式運行時，由于供氧較低，高活性微生物為了滿足自身代謝能量的要求，被迫對在好氧條件下把不易分解的有機物進行初步分解，起到大分子斷鏈的作用，使其轉化為較小分子的易降解有機物，從而在后續的B段好氧曝氣中易于被去除。B段主要是世代期長的真核微生物，能夠保證出水水質。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/data/upload/image/20190527/1558924400184796.png" title="1558924400184796.png" alt="image.png"/></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"> 3、功能與設計運行參數</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-indent: 16px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> 3.1、段的功能與設計運行參數</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">（1）A段連續不斷地從排水系統中接受污水，同時也接種了在排水系統中接受污水，同時也接種了在排水系統中存活的微生物種群，也就是排水系統起到了“微生物選擇器”的作用。在這里不斷地產生微生物種群的適應、淘汰、優選、增殖等過程。從而能夠培育、馴化、誘導出與原污水適應的微生物種群。由于該工藝不設初沉池，所以A段能夠充分利用經排水系統優選的微生物種群，從而使A段能夠形成開放性的生物動力學系統。 </span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">（2）A段負荷高，為增殖速度快的微生物種群提供了良好的環境條件。在A段能夠成活的微生物種群，只能是抗沖擊負荷能力強的原核細菌，原生動物和后生動物難于存活。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">（3）A段污泥產率高，并有一定的吸附能力，A段對污染物的去除，主要依靠生物污泥的吸附作用。這樣，某些重金屬和微生物降解有機物質以及氮、磷等物質，都能夠通過A段而得到一定的去除，因而大大地減輕了B段的負荷。A段對BOD去除率大致介于40%~70%，但經A段處理后的污水，其可生化性將有所改善，有利于后續B段的生物降解。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">（4）由于A段對污染物質的去除，主要是以物理化學作用為主導的吸附功能，因此，其對負荷、溫度、pH以及毒性等作用具有一定的適應能力。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">（5）對處理城市污水，A段主要設計與運行參數的建議值為：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">1）BOD—污泥負荷（LS）2~6kgBOD/(kgMLSS·d)，為普通活性污泥處理系統的10~20倍；</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">2）污泥齡（θC）0.3~0.5d；</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">3）水力停留時間（t）30min；</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">4）吸附池內溶解氧（DO）濃度0.2~0.7mg/L。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> 3.2、B段的功能與設計、運行參數</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">首先應當說明，B段的各項功能的發揮，都是以A段正常運行為條件的。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">（1）B段接受A段的處理水，水質、水量比較穩定，沖擊負荷已不再影響B段，B段的凈化功能得以充分發揮。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">（2）去除有機污染物是B段的主要凈化功能。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">（3）B段的污泥齡較長，氮在A段也得到了部分的去除，BOD/N的比值有所降低，因此，B段具有產生硝化反應的條件。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">（4）B段承受的負荷為總負荷的30%~60%，與普通活性污泥處理系統比，曝氣生物反應池的容積可減少40%左右。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">（5）對處理城市污水B段的設計、運行參數建議值為：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">1）BOD—污泥負荷（LS）0.15~0.3kgBOD/(kgMLSS·d)；</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">2）污泥齡（θC）15~20d；</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">3）水力停留時間（t）2~3h；</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">4）曝氣池內混合液溶解氧含量（DO）1~2mg/L。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"> 4、AB法的主要特征及工藝流程的特征</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">1：A段在很高的負荷下運行，其負荷率通常為普通活性污泥法的50~100倍，污水停留時間只有30~40min，污泥齡僅為0.3~0.5d。污泥負荷較高，真核生物無法生存，只有某些世代短的原核細菌才能適應生存并得以生長繁殖，A段對水質、水量、pH值和有毒物質的沖擊負荷有極好的緩沖作用。A段產生的污泥量較大，約占整個處理系統污泥產量的80%左右，且剩余污泥中的有機物含量高。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">2：B段可在很低的負荷下運行，負荷范圍一般為<0.15kgBOD/(kgMLSS.d)水力停留時間為2~5h，污泥齡較長，且一般為15~20d。在B段曝氣池中生長的微生物除菌膠團微生物外，有相當數量的高級真核微生物，這些微生物世代期比較長，并適宜在有機物含量比較低的情況下生存和繁殖。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">3：A段與B段各自擁有獨立的污泥回流系統，相互隔離，保證了各自獨立的生物反應過程和不同的微生物生態反應系統，人為地設定了A和B的明確分工。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">AB法污水處理工藝流程，與普通活性污泥法相比，AB工藝的主要特征是：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">（1）全系統分預處理、A段、B段等三段。預處理段只設格柵、沉砂池等簡易處理設備，不設初次沉淀池。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">（2）A段由吸附池和中間沉淀池組成，B段則由曝氣生物反應池及二次沉淀池組成。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">（3）A段與B段各自擁有獨立的污泥回流系統，兩段完全分開，每段能夠培育出各自獨特的、適于本段水質特征的微生物種群。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"> 5、優缺點：</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-indent: 16px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">5.1、優點</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">具有優良的污染物去除效果，較強的抗沖擊負荷能力，良好的脫氮除磷效果和投資及運轉費用較低等。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">1：對有機底物去除效率高。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">2：系統運行穩定。主要表現在：出水水質波動小，有極強的耐沖擊負荷能力，有良好的污泥沉降性能。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">3：有較好的脫氮除磷效果。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">4：節能。運行費用低，耗電量低，可回收沼氣能源。經試驗證明，AB法工藝較傳統的一段法工藝節省運行費用20%~25%.</span></p><p style="text-indent: 14px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> 5.2、缺點</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">缺點一：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">A段在運行中如果控制不好，很容易產生臭氣，影響附近的環境衛生，這主要是由于A段在超高有機負荷下工作，使A段曝氣池運行于厭氧工況下，導致產生硫化氫、大糞素等惡臭氣體。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">缺點二：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">當對除磷脫氮要求很高時，A段不宜按AB法的原來去除有機物的分配比去除BOD55%~60%，因為這樣B段曝氣池的進水含碳有機物含量的碳/氮比偏低，不能有效的脫氮。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">缺點三：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">污泥產率高，A段產生的污泥量較大，約占整個處理系統污泥產量的80%左右，且剩余污泥中的有機物含量高，這給污泥的最終穩定化處置帶來了較大壓力。</span></p><p><br/></p></div> <div class="xypg-detail-tags"> <div 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